The average German Shepherd lifespan is 7–10 years, and they are prone to several health problems. Purchasing pet insurance for your dog may be a smart investment when you bring home a German Shepherd puppy.
Reputable German Shepherd breeders will screen their dogs for genetic conditions before breeding. If you’re adopting through a German Shepherd rescue or local shelter, ask for all available health information on your dog.
Degenerative Myelopathy
Degenerative myelopathy is a neurologic disorder that affects the spinal cord, slowly causing paralysis of the back legs. Early signs of degenerative myelopathy include weakness in the hind end and difficulty standing up.
There’s no treatment for this condition, but physical therapy can help strengthen muscles and protect a dog’s ability to use their legs.
Elbow and Hip Dysplasia
Elbow dysplasia is a degenerative joint disease that can cause lifelong pain in the front limbs. Hip dysplasia is another degenerative joint disease that affects the hind end.
According to the Canine Health Information Center, about 20% of German Shepherds have hip dysplasia. Clinical signs of both conditions include limping, decreased range of motion, and other signs of pain—especially later in life, as arthritis sets in because of this disease process.
The treatment for all degenerative joint diseases includes weight loss, reduced activity, joint supplements, anti-inflammatory and pain medications, or surgery.
There is testing available, such as the PennHIP, that can predict your German Shepherd’s risk of developing dysplasia during their lifetime.
Cancer
Cancer can develop in German Shepherds at any age, but it usually occurs later in life. Common cancers include:
- Hemangiosarcoma (a malignant tumor most often detected in blood-rich organs such as the spleen and the heart)
- Bone cancer
- Lung cancer
- Intestinal cancers
Depending on the extent of the cancer, treatment plans can include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or palliative care.
Bloat and Gastric Dilation-Volvulus
Gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV) is a sudden life-threatening condition when the stomach enlarges with gas (bloat) and then twists upon itself (GDV). This happens most commonly in deep-chested, large-breed dogs—including German Shepherds.
Pet parents must be aware of the signs of bloat and GDV, as this is a medical emergency and immediate medical intervention is key to saving your dog’s life. Take your dog to the vet immediately if you notice:
- Distended stomach
- Abdominal pain (ex. whining with or without touching their belly)
- Restlessness/pacing
- Retching without producing vomit (dry heaving)
- Collapse
One way to help prevent your German Shepherd dog from developing life-threatening GDV is via a gastropexy procedure, when the stomach is permanently attached to the body wall. This prevents the stomach from twisting, and it’s often done during a dog’s spay or neuter surgery.
Allergies
Allergies in German Shepherds can be first seen with symptoms such as itchy skin, skin infections, ear infections, or digestive upset such as vomiting, diarrhea, or weight loss.
A thorough medical history, physical examination, diagnostic testing of skin and ears, blood work, and fecal tests may be recommended if you suspect that your dog has allergies.
Heart Disease
Heart disease, specifically dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), valvular disease, and heart murmurs, can be common in German Shepherds. It’s important to have your dog’s heart evaluated during their yearly physical exam.
The treatment plan for a dog diagnosed with heart disease typically includes medications that help increase the heart’s pumping ability and manage arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat). A special diet may also be considered to restrict sodium intake and increase the amount of certain amino acids that promote heart health.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI)
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is a digestive health issue that occurs when the cells of the pancreas do not produce enzymes and hormones normally.
The most common symptom is weight loss, despite your pet having a ravenous appetite. Other symptoms of EPI include soft stools or diarrhea, excessive gas, the desire to eat feces and other unusual objects, flaky skin, or rough coat.
Unfortunately, there’s no cure for EPI in dogs. Once the pancreas is damaged to the point that symptoms of EPI develop, you must give your dog lifelong pancreatic enzyme supplements. But, with proper management, your dog can still live a happy life with this condition.
Pannus
Pannus, or superficial keratitis, is a painful eye condition that can cause blindness if not managed. It occurs more often in dogs that live at high altitudes, those with increased exposure to UV light, and in areas with severe air pollution.
Keeping your German Shepherd indoors during the sunniest part of the day, providing a shelter, or trying a specialty pair of dog goggles may be helpful in preventing this issue.
What To Feed a German Shepherd
German Shepherds require a high-quality, age-appropriate diet to meet their nutritional needs. These diets are usually labeled puppy, adult, or senior.
The Best Diet for German Shepherds
A large-breed puppy or adult food may be appropriate, and some brands even make dog food specifically for German Shepherd puppies and adults.
